Anatomy and Physiology II -by- OpenStax College

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± 4-1. The Cardiovascular System: Blood

4-1-1. Introduction

4-1-2. An Overview of Blood

4-1-3. Production of the Formed Elements

4-1-4. Erythrocytes

4-1-5. Leukocytes and Platelets

4-1-6. Hemostasis

4-1-7. Blood Typing

± 4-2. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

4-2-1. Introduction

4-2-2. Heart Anatomy

4-2-3. Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity

4-2-4. Cardiac Cycle

4-2-5. Cardiac Physiology

4-2-6. Development of the Heart

± 4-3. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

4-3-1. Introduction

4-3-2. Structure and Function of Blood Vessels

4-3-3. Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance

4-3-4. Capillary Exchange

4-3-5. Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System

4-3-6. Circulatory Pathways

4-3-7. Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation

± 4-4. The Lymphatic and Immune System

4-4-1. Introduction

4-4-2. Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

4-4-3. Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response

4-4-4. The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types

4-4-5. The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies

4-4-6. The Immune Response against Pathogens

4-4-7. Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses

4-4-8. Transplantation and Cancer Immunology

± 5-1. The Respiratory System

5-1-1. Introduction

5-1-2. Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System

5-1-3. The Lungs

5-1-4. The Process of Breathing

5-1-5. Gas Exchange

5-1-6. Transport of Gases

5-1-7. Modifications in Respiratory Functions

5-1-8. Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System

± 5-2. The Digestive System

5-2-1. Introduction

5-2-2. Overview of the Digestive System

5-2-3. Digestive System Processes and Regulation

5-2-4. The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus

5-2-5. The Stomach

5-2-6. The Small and Large Intestines

5-2-7. Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder

5-2-8. Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look

± 5-3. Metabolism and Nutrition

5-3-1. Introduction

5-3-2. Overview of Metabolic Reactions

5-3-3. Carbohydrate Metabolism

5-3-4. Lipid Metabolism

5-3-5. Protein Metabolism

5-3-6. Metabolic States of the Body

5-3-7. Energy and Heat Balance

5-3-8. Nutrition and Diet

± 5-4. The Urinary System

5-4-1. Introduction

5-4-2. Physical Characteristics of Urine

5-4-3. Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport

5-4-4. Gross Anatomy of the Kidney

5-4-5. Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney

5-4-6. Physiology of Urine Formation

5-4-7. Tubular Reabsorption

5-4-8. Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

5-4-9. Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function

5-4-10. Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition

5-4-11. The Urinary System and Homeostasis

± 5-5. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

5-5-1. Introduction

5-5-2. Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments

5-5-3. Water Balance

5-5-4. Electrolyte Balance

5-5-5. Acid-Base Balance

5-5-6. Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

± 6-1. The Reproductive System

6-1-1. Introduction

6-1-2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System

6-1-3. Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

6-1-4. Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems

± 6-2. Development and Inheritance

6-2-1. Introduction

6-2-2. Fertilization

6-2-3. Embryonic Development

6-2-4. Fetal Development

6-2-5. Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth

6-2-6. Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages

6-2-7. Lactation

6-2-8. Patterns of Inheritance

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